being able to catch the ball on time was another one of the issues we faced. his the height of the balls bounce. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. "Under Pressure: Ball Bouncing Dynamics.". - Sticky tape - 1 roll. It does not store any personal data. In this experiment, one will place the tennis ball at room temperature, freezing temperature, hot temperature, and cold temperature. This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. Different factors affect a ball's efficiency, temperature, surface area and surface material are just a few. METHOD: 1. Because of this, a fully inflated ball may look deflated if the temperature drops quickly. Why do balls bounce higher on different surfaces? Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Not Write each measurement in the data table. Observe the height of the 1st rebound height of the tennis ball. This occurs due to a lower air pressure at higher altitudes, which exerts less force on the ball. This is due to an inelasticity in the energy lost when the ball collides with the ground, as well as the fact that the ball bounces every time it is hit. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. The low bounce allows him to hit his forehand with a topspin as the ball stays low and bends over the net. Please enter a search term in the text box. Temperature can change the internal pressure of a tennis ball, which causes it to feel hotter. Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm, 40cm and of course zero cm. Tiles3. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. I also Warm up the ball before it is used to increase its bounce. Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. This is because the higher the starting height of the ball, the higher the ball's potential energy. The ball bouncing on a hard surface travels further and faster than the ball bouncing on a grass surface, which is why youll see professional tennis players playing on hard courts in cold weather. Balls are not round. Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. The Physics of Grass, Clay, and Cement. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. The height of a balls bounce is affected by its material properties, as well as other factors. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Use the paint and a tape measure to make a series of lines on your roll of paper. Obviously, a ball won't bounce as high on carpet. It might be a good idea for students to experiment with a variety of balls to determine which one is most effective. to find out which surface bounces a ball the highest. Overall, our experiment taught us that harder A tennis balls trajectory is determined by its temperature. the "bouncing balls" experiment. A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. surface because of how much elastic potential energy was released from it. Use the measuring tape to measure 150 cm off the ground. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. The reason balls bounce is quite advanced science. Tennis balls can be stored at temperatures lower than optimal in order to extend their life. 1. Place one of the tennis balls in the freezer for 20 mins 2. Graph 1. What affects ball bounce? The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Which surface bounces a ball the highest? For our wind situation, one of us stood in the direction that the breeze The ball shoots up with less energy because of this. Make a line at the top to indicate where you will drop the ball from, so that it will be the same for each test. From dropping the ball we can see how high the ball will bounce to after having a loss or gain of energydue to sound or movement of the ball as it hits a hard surface. Why Tennis Balls Bounce. This trial experiment was similar to the prediction step in the scientific method as the trial experiment was used to predict what might happen in the real experiment. Science Buddies Staff. composition so it was higher up in the air, with this we were able to catch the balls The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Why do marbles bounce so high? It is important to let the ball fall out of your hands, and not to push it down with your hands, wrists, or arms. I think this is Hard courts offer a medium-to-fast paced tennis ball, as the smooth court surface doesn't absorb or drag at the speed of the shot. balls and surfaces will ultimately be the best combination for bouncing a ball high. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. A cold tennis ball bounces lower than a warm one. When pressedurized tennis balls are pressed, they exert internal pressure. Why a ball bounces: The ball's energy is matched by the ground it hits. The movement of the air causes the ball to bounce back off the . No balls will be allowed to roll around upon the floor creating possible tripping hazards, Safety spectacles will be worn at all times, Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. A glass ball will bounce higher than a rubber ball if it doesnt break. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. The bounce of a cold superball is shorter than that of a warm superball. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. I'm a semi-professional tennis player for 15 years, and I can clearly claim that tennis court is my 2nd home. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. by Jonah Lehrer on September 8, 2011. he official rule book of tennis is 35 pages long. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. found that different surfaces absorb different amounts of energy, and the less To a wider range of results i.e. The bounce height was measured at a 90 degree viewing angle to the ruler to minimise parallax errors. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. Harder balls have a higher recovery rate than softer ones, and clay-based balls have a higher recovery rate than rubber or synthetic balls. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The combination of the material properties of a ball (surface textures, actual materials, amount of air, hardness/ softness, and so on) affects the height of its bounce. measured the heights. Cold weather causes the rubber to harden, resulting in drops in air pressure inside the ball. Find a clear space to work in. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. The grass does not provide as much upward rebound when the ball hits it. This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. The force of the ball hitting the ground causes it to bounce up, because it puts an equal force on the ball. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. ping pong 2 cm 3 cm 2 cm 2 cm, basketball 82 cm 84 cm 80 82 A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. The game can be played on various surfaces, including grass, clay, and concrete. Therefore the height that it reaches is less high. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. You will use an air pump, a basketball, and an air pressure gauge to test if changing the air pressure will change the bounciness of the ball. The colder, the lower the ball bounces, and vice versa. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. The steel ball on an unvarnished pine wood floor may not bounce at all, but rather make a dent, and so what the floor is made out of makes quite a lot of difference. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Concrete got bounced on the most, 5 times, and the highest, 55cm. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a . As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. Does the weather make a difference? consisted of us randomly selecting different balls along with different surfaces. The ball bounces pretty badly when its on a soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the fall. Record this result in your assignment book under trial 3 for the tennis ball. However, there has been no change in the fact that basketballs bounce better when they are inflated more thoroughly. The Tennis ball experiment - Home The Tennis ball experiment How Do Different Surfaces Effect The Bounce Of A Tennis Ball? Aim: to find out which surface bounces a ball the highest. Length of Lesson: 30 - 45 minutes. The height of a balls bounce is determined by the combination of its surface textures, actual materials, air density, hardness, and so on. The bounce of the ball is a major factor in the game of tennis. Hypothesis: if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball Watch the video of the dropping tennis ball. One way to do this is to put the ball in a bowl of hot water for a few minutes. The temperature of a tennis ball can affect its bounce height. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. from the ball, therefore causing it to bounce higher than it normally would on dirt Tennis, a game that has existed in the world for centuries, has been popular all over the world. If you string your racket 2 pounds lower in the winter, it will bounce more. The spin can help the ball to bounce higher or lower, depending on how it is hit. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Try comparing two days with different atmospheric pressure. The strength of Nadals forehand is what makes him so good on clay. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. Most of the points on grass are very short. Do you have specific questions about your science project? As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. troubles my partner and I had during our experiment along with the problems we Air is pumped into the ball and causes it to bounce. As a result, the ball is lifted in this manner. Measure from the bottom of the ball. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). The balls finish up with the same amount of energy and the only energy given out is thermal energy. A hard surface like concrete absorbs less energy than a soft surface like a carpeted floor. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. September 28, 2022 by George Jackson. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. Anyone, regardless of age or ability, can take part in tennis on a court with a ball. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. an incorrect and unreliable result. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. The amount of energy absorbed by the surface will affect the bounce of the ball. The felt helps to create spin on the ball when it is hit with a racket. In our At 3ft, the basketball bounced 20 inches, the tennis ball bounced. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. Take your class outside, to an area with a smooth, flat surface. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. The temperature of a tennis ball greatly affects how high it bounces. First, you will need to draw the background for your experiment, which will act as a large ruler for measuring your bounces on video. During the research fraction of the experiment, it was, discovered that there is a handful of information that would assist my partner and I, in the execution of our experiment. The effect of surface on the bounce height of a tennis ball. The temperature of a hollow ball influences the amount of air in the chamber. This experiment requires a ball that will bounce and a meter stick or other measuring device. For multiple bounces, it's just like dropping the ball again from a reduced height. us. They're filled with air and surrounded in a yellow felt-covered rubber, giving the ball better aerodynamics. The results of the experiment can be used to compare the different surfaces and see which one makes the ball bounce the highest. Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. It is also necessary to warm a ball, because the energy inside it is released. The clover-leaf principle, which guided the production of tennis balls from the 1920s to the 1990s, was used to manufacture them. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Balls bounce in ways that are affected by gravity. The experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball was altered, it would bounce either higher of lower. - Paper x The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. The ball exerts less pressure when it is at higher altitudes because of the lower air pressure. Balls bounce differently on different axes. If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently. Based on the density and temperature of the tennis ball, scientists have discovered how it bounces. Keep a close eye on the ball, and instruct Phlebas to do the same. The balls dropped from 75 centimeters will bounce higher than those dropped from 50 centimeters, and the balls in the 50 centimeter trials will bounce higher than those in the 25 centimeter trials. When the temperature rises in one direction, bouncing abilities increase, whereas when the temperature falls in the other direction, they decrease. Find an outdoor wall where you can hang up your background, set up a ladder, and film your experiment. Height will be the variable that we will vary. 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